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  Chapter 2: Federalism in India NOTES 2.1: Understanding Federalism Definition: A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. Two Levels of Government: National Level: Responsible for issues of national importance. State Level: Deals with everyday concerns of the citizens. Key Features: Multiple Levels: Two or more levels of government exist. Shared Jurisdiction: Each level governs the same citizens, but with distinct authority in specific areas like legislation, taxation, and administration. Constitutional Guarantee: The existence and authority of each level are guaranteed by the constitution. Amending the Constitution: Requires mutual consent from both levels. Judicial Review: Courts interpret the constitution and power distribution, resolving disputes between levels. Financial Autonomy: Each level has specified revenue sources for smooth functioning. Unity and Diversity: Safeguards national un...

  Chapter 1: Power Sharing NOTES  Introduction: The Balancing Act of Power Imagine a diverse tapestry woven from different threads, each representing a unique group with its own language, culture, and identity. This intricate fabric symbolizes the essence of many societies across the globe, where various communities coexist within a single nation. However, the challenge lies in ensuring peaceful and harmonious cohabitation amongst these diverse groups. This is where the concept of power sharing emerges as a crucial tool in fostering stability and preventing conflict. Part 1: The Belgian Model - A Testament to Effective Power Sharing (1 Page) 1.1. A Nation Divided: The Linguistic Landscape of Belgium Belgium, a small European nation, is home to two distinct linguistic communities: the Flemish (Dutch-speaking) , constituting 59% of the population, and the Wallonians (French-speaking) , making up 40%. The remaining 1% primarily speaks German. This linguistic diversity, while enr...